Locomotive feed water heater



Jan. 26 1932 F. H. c. coPPus 1,842,962

LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATER Original Filed Dec. 21, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet1 Jan. 26, 1932. F. H. c. coPPus 1,842,962

7 LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATER Original Filed Dec. 2 Sheets-Sheet 2FQHMY. HCCOPPUJ WFQM.

Pat ented Jan. 26, 1 932 NW5?) sires P'ArEur-YoFFi-ce- Fms'ir. o.oorrns, F woncusrnn, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR To ANNA. M; c; wnoirsianne,VERA L. woon, AND Firms-1r. 0. screens, TRus'rEEs, ALL our wonens TER,MASSACHUSETTS LOCOMOTIVE mm warnn'HE -rm Application filed December 21,1925, seriai' vo. vases; Renewed Apri127, 1931.

This invention relates to a feed water heat ing apparatus and especiallyto systems for locomotives in which the water is preheated within thepump receptacle, such systems be ing described in my co-pen'dingapplications Serial Nos. 51,677 and 69,276.

The principal object of the present invention is to'prov ide an improvedfeed water heating system of this class wherein the water is heatedentirely within the pump receptacle itself, approximately to thetemperature of the outside exhaust steam supply. With this than out-oithe water chamber, and tocontrol purpose inview I propose to lead thewater in direct contact with'the exhaust steam of the pump into areceiving chamber near the to") of the ium rece )tacle thus COHdBHSlDQ'l a s the'exhaust steam and the water being preheated by the exhauststeam; then to spray the water out of the receiving chamber into a'mixing chamber filled with the exhaust steam supply from an outsidesource (in connection with alocomotive, exhaust steam of the engines andof the auXilia-ri'esYan'd the water is thus further heated by. directcontact with the steam in the mixing chamber to approximately thetemperature of the steam. I water resultingfrom the condensation of theexhaust steam, is collected in the bottom of the pump receptacle which Iwill call the water chamber from which 'it is pumped into the boiler. fr f Another object of the invention is to prevent the water in hoth'thereceiving chamber and the water chamber from-rising above apredetermined height and for this purpose I propose to discl arge thewater out or the receiving chamber at a slightly higher rate the watersupply to the receiving chamber. the height of the water in' the water Ichamber;

Further objects and advantages of the invention will appear hereinafter.This case Reference isto behad to the accompany v ing drawings, inwhich.

,Fig. 1- is acentral sectional view of a The heated water togetherwith'the feed water heater constructed in accordance withthis invention;

Fig; 2 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 2-2 of'lFig l Fig. 3is a sectional view through" the pumpreceptacle'siinilar to Fig. 1 and:showing certain modifications Fig. i is a view similar to Fig. 1 showingmodifications;

Fig; 5 is a; sectional view thereof on the line 55' ofFig 4; I

Fig. 6 is a vertical central section showing other modifications; and

JE ig. 7'is-a similar view of another modification.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, the water is fed in through a valvelO,which, under ordinary conditions, is always open and through a pipe 12into a chamber 11. This chamber is provided with a port having a valve'sea t in one wall thereof which wall separates it from a secondchamber 13 into which the chamber 11 discharges and which dischargesinto the receiving chamber 127 at the top of the pump receptacle B. Aspring loaded stop valve 14 closes this port but it is 1I)TOVIlCl8Clwith a plunger 15 in a cylinder 15' adapted to receive steam behindtheplunger to open the valve. Theflow of water into the receivingchainber is controlled by the butterfly valve 19 controlled by a float20 in thepump receptacle, the stemof which} passes througlr a slot 21ina cover 24 closing the butterfly valve. lVit'h the exception of a smallamount of water which leaks through this slot, the water is dischargedthrough an upward-passage 25, over a perforated-plate 76 through whichit flows-over a baflle plate 72 into the receiving chamber 127 which hasa neck 128 and a'conical outlet 129. The conical outlet is closed by aspring loaded disc 70, the tension of the'spring being adjustable. Inthe neck of the 'chamberrotates, on the main shaft. 22 passing throughthe neck ofthe chamber, an impeller 71, which forces the water downwardagainstthe action of the spring so thatthe water is dis charged out. ofthis chamber into the mix-. ing chamber of thepump receptacle in the.form of a sheet or cone.

The pump shaft 22 hangs on a ball bearing 23 from the top and has a highpressure turbine wheel 45 and a low pressure turbine wheel 45 forrotating it. Live steam enters the turbine wheel 45 from the pipe 51 andsteam chamber 44 above, through the usual nozzles 44 (Fig. 2) andexhausts on its lower side into an annular chamber 46 hence, throughnozzles 46 in an angular partition 46 to the low pressure turbine wheel45, exhausting in a compartment the top of which is formed by partition46 and the bottom of which is formed by a partition 47. This partition47 is provided with a central opening immediately above an opening inthe partition 76. The exhaust steam of the turbine passes through saidopenings being deflected by the deflector 72 and is forced to minglewith the water running through the perforations of plate 7 6, therebyheating the water and being condensed thereby. From the standpoint ofturbine elficiency it is preferable to use two turbine wheels as shown,with turbine blading designed respectively for high and low pressuresteam. From the standpoint of simplicity it is preferable to have boththe live and the exhaust steam act on a single turbine wheel. Eitherarrangement comes within the scope of this invention.

The exhaust steam from an outside source is delivered from a pipe 40 toa steam separator 41, from which through a pipe 40 and a floatcontrolled balanced valve 42 it is delivered to the chamber 46 and thelow pressure steam turbine and through a pipe 40*, and preferablytangentially, into an annular mixing chamber 7 9 formed by the wall ofthe pump receptacle B and the bottom, neck and conical outlet of thechamber 27. Into this chamber the cone or sheet of water passes betweenthe conical outlet and the spring loaded disc 70. The chamber 79 isvented to the air. The exhaust steam therefore must pass through thisspray of water and heat it. A small chamber 7 3 leading 05 the neck 128,is open at the top, and has a small hole at the bottom, therefore asmall amount of water will circulate through this chamber 7 3 beingforced through the small hole by the action of the impeller 71. Athermostat 74 is shown in this chamber 73 which closes a butterfly valve75 in the outlet of the exhaust steam valve 42 at a predeterminedtemperature of the water passing through this chamber 7 3.

Live steam is supplied through the valve 50 and steam main 51, to avalve 62 admitting steam to an air ejector 63, and also through a valve61 and pipe 61 to a nozzle 61 so that the nozzle 61 is always suppliedwith live steam as long as the air ejector 63 is in operation. Livesteam is also supplied through a valve 61 and valve 43 to the steamchamber 44 containing the other high'pres'sure steam nozzles 44. Thevalve 43 is cast integrally with the valve 61 so that if there is nowater in pump receptacle B both valves will be closed, but otherwise is,in every respect, the same as in my previous case Serial No. 69,276. Thevalve 42 has also the same function as in that case.

The exhaust steam being discharged tangentially in the chamber 7 9 sothat it will have a tendency to circulate in this chamber, must passthrough the water cone and, no matter how much the back pressure of theexhaust steam may be, it will not be transmitted to the chamber 127because the chamber 79, and for that matter the water chamber, is notconnected to the chamber 127. If there is no water in the chamber 127the spring loaded disc will close the conical outlet and if there iswater the disc is forced downward and then the pressure diflerence isfrom chamber 128 to the pump receptacle B. With this construction,therefore, the pressure of the exhaust steam will not hold back thewater from the tender because what little might leak through the slot 21through which the float lever passes, will. be immediately condensed.The temperature of the water in the chamber 127,, if the pump is runcondensing, is limited to the temperature corresponding with the vacuum.Therefore, it is ad vantageous to have a certain amount of live steamsupplied to the high pressure turbine wheel all the time in order toreduce the total steam consumption of the turbines and thereby keep downthe temperature of the water in the chamber 127. Therefore, any amountof high pressure steam used in addition to low pressure steam reduces,proportionately, the total steam consumption, as all the steam used bythe turbine is condensed into water. Therefore the less weight of steamused the less weight of condensate, and therefore the lower thetemperature of the water before it is discharged into the mixingchamber. WVhile this decreases the eiiiciency of the heater on accountof the use of this live steam, 0n the other hand the efliciency isincreased by reducing the amount of steam used by the ejector. In otherwords, the air ejector does not need to be constantly supplied withsteam because a lower vacuum on the exhaust steam turbine will carry theload, which again makes it possible to raise the temperature of the feedwater in the chamber 127 The amount of live steam sup plied through thenozzle 61 is determined largely by the lowest capacity at which the pumpwill have to be run because, at this capacity, the percentage of steamconsumption of the water delivered is the highest.

The pump receptacle B is closed by a cover 30 (Fig. 2) containing thehigh pressure steam chamber 44 and a water chamber 31. Bolted to thiscover is a pump volute 32 in Which rotates a pump impeller 33 on thevertical shaft 22. To the bottom of the impellers are of the singleinlet type and the inlet of, the impeller 33" faces the inlet of theimpeller 33; The lower impeller chamber has a drain 33 v i p The bottomjournal 1 of the *shaft 22 is shown as in the form of a nut bushing 27located in a composition bearing 28 Grease is provided for lubricationin the chamber 27 formed by the nut bushing and the hub of the coverwhich closes thechamber of the volute 32*. I

The ball bearing 23 at the top is also lubricated by grease. The bearingis located in a cover 23 by the removal of which thewhole bearing isexposed. The outer face of the bearing rests on a T-ring 23 the outsidediameter of the vertical'fiange of which is smaller than the outsidediameter of the ball bearing and the flange is cut away'in twov placesso that the ball bearing can be pried up and easilyi'removed. The upperface of the inner part of the horizontal flange of the T-ring forms withthe lower face of the flange of a bushing '23 an enclosure of the greasechamber to prevent the grease from running out of the chamber.

Nhen the pump is not'in operation the two faces will closethe chambertightly and when the pump is in operation the flange of the bushing 23prevents, through centrifugal action, the grease from flowing out evenif there should be a small upward thrust thereby separating the twofaces slightly.

A stui'ling box of usual construction could be used in combination withmeans for collecting the water that leaks by the shaft passing throughthe chamber 31 and return ing it to the pump receptacle, butl prefer.

to provide a wearing ring- 80 which fits closely to the distance bushing81 on. the shaft 22 but has some clearance throughthe Q casing sothat'the wearing ring centers around the distance bushing. :The waterpressure holds it stationary. Thewater leaking by this wearing ring iscollected in a chamber 82 from which it is drained back to the pumpreceptacle. A screw thread on another distance bushing, with a throwring 84 thereon, will prevent any great amount of water from escapingdownward. Ifv the chamber 82 should ever be filled ithenthis screwthread will put the chamberunder a slight pressure discharging thewaterrmt of the chamber so much faster, but any water which should leakout downward is caught on top of the-turbine wheel whichis on top butopen on the inner side, Any water collecting in this chamber is forceddownward by centrifugal force through holes86 in theturbine, thendownward on top of the low pressure turbine ,wheel, which has a similarchamber to the high pressureturbine wheel andsimilar discharge holes, sothat ultimately any water coming from the water chamber 31 is collectedin the low pressure turbine. chamber and discharged with the exhaustinto the pump receptacle B.

The pressure inthe chamber .of the volute 32above the impeller 33 isequal to the full discharge pr ssure of the pump, or approximatelydouble that of the pressure in the water chamber 31. This chamber 32 isclosed by a housing, having a chamber 87 closed by a double cover 89interposed between this housing and the bearing housing 23. The

shaft passes through the horizontal wall of the chamber and the doublecover, the upper part of which forms the bottom of the bearing housing.The space. between'thetwo parts of "the double cover is open to the atm-osphere. I have already explained how the grease is prevented fromleaking out of the grease chamber. To prevent the water from leakingibythe shaft where it passes through the horizontal wall of the chamber37,01" rather to reduce the leakage to a minimum, I again; provideinstead of a stuffing box, awearingring 88 similar to the wearing ring80 where the shaft passes through the water chamber 31, and bushing-23is provided with a screw thread and a throw ring 91 similarly and forthe same purpose as in bushing and throw ring- 84. ,If any water shouldpass bybushing 23 it will be discharged to' the atmosphere between thelower and upper part of double cover 89. The water in the chamber 87 isdrained back to the pump receptacle like the water in the chamber 82.

p Operation To start the pump the valve 50, is opened fully. This allowssteam .to .flow'through the pipe 51 into the pipe 52 opening the stopvalve 14- and into the air ejector 63 and water will flow immediatelyinto the pump receptacle B. Now, thefloat 49 will rise opening thevalves 42 and; 4:3 and live steam and also exhaust steam will flow intothe re spective turbines. -As. an excess pressure governor withoutmanual means for open: ing the valve is used, the valve 61 will be openand will maintain a predetermined en cess pressure. 1

As soon as water flows into the pump receptacle B and until the watergives out, live steam is constantly supplied through thenozzle 61 butotherwise the regulation of the admittance of the liveand exhaust steammay be identical with that in my application Serial No. 69,276: i Y

Fig. 3 showsa modification of Fig. 1 in which the impeller and theconical outlet are replaced by an impeller 71 which is fastened to theshaft 22 and through the centrifugal force exerted by this impeller thespring loaded disc is forced downward and the water allowed to escapealso in cone or sheet form. The rotating deflector in Fig. 1 is replacedby a stationary deflector 72 but in every other respect the constructionis the same.

Fig. 7 is like Fig. 1 in all respects except that the valve 7 5 ispressure controlled instead of being controlled by temuperature. Aplunger 54 forces back a rod 55, against the action of a spring 56 underpressure. The Water in the chamber 127 will turn into steam undercertain conditions of temperature and vacuum. When this happens there nopressure below the impeller 71, in which case the spring 56 closes thevalve 75 but if a thermostat were used, the thermostat would performthis function.

Figs. 1 and 5 show the invention in a simpler form with othermodifications. Many parts of Fig. 1 are not numbered as they are exactlythe same as Fig. 1. The water inlet is controlled by a butterfly valve19 as before, but instead of being direct connected to the float 20, hasan arm which is connected by a link 100 to another arm on a shaft onwhich the float arm is mounted so as to eliminate the slot through whichthe float arm passes in Fig. 1.

The means for forcing the water down from the chamber 127 is a regularcentrifugal impeller 101 discharging the water through guide vanes 102into a chamber 103 which is provided at the bottom with a spring loadedspray valve 104. This valve, however, is not mounted directly on theshaft 22 but on a bushing 105. The spring 106 acts against the bushingand not against the valve proper so that the valve rests slightly awayfrom its seat to permit drainage, but can be raised by the pressure ofthe exhaust steam in the mixing chamber so as to prevent the exhauststeam from escaping by the valve when the impeller 101 is not deliveringwater. The exhaust steam from an outside source 40 is shown as beingintroduced below the spray, as can be done also in Fig. 1.

The valve 13 is also differently connected with the other parts in thatit ma" e integral with another valve 62 in Fig. 4 allowing steam to flowto the air ejector nozzle through a small hole, thereby reducing thepressure of the steam at the nozzle. This is desirable in order tosupply the nozzle with the most eflicient steam pressure. The functionof the additional valve is to put the air ejector in operation whenthere is no water in the pump receptacle, which is very essential if thepump is so located that water does not flow to it by gravity all thetime. If there is water in the pump receptacle then this valve 62 isclosed as shown. If there is no water in the pump receptacle, then, ofcourse, the safety valve 13 is closed by the float 49.

The excess pressure governor 60 is also differently connected in that itconsists of two compartments 107 and 108 and the steam chest alsoconsists of two separate compartments 107 and 108. Live steam is allowedto flow through the inlet 109 of the excess pressure governor,by-passing the valve through an opening 90 into one compartment 108 ofthe steam chest so that always sufficient steam is supplied to theturbine through nozzles 91 to deliver the minimum amount of water. Forlarger capacities the steam flows through the valve 92 of the excesspressure governor into the other compartment 107 of the steam chest andinto the turbine through additional nozzles 94 and is regulated by theexcess pressure gov ernor 60 as before.

Therefore, for the minimum capacity of the pump or for anypie-determined capacity, the steam is delivered to the turbine at fullboiler pressure, instead of being throttled by the excess pressuregovernor, thus increasing the efficiency of the turbine and consequentlyof the pump. This form also eliminates one turbine and the thermostaticcontrol as the latter is not needed.

Instead of having the steam to the second compartment 107 of the steamchest regulated by the excess pressure governor, this regulation may bedone manually. Therefore, instead of controlling the capacity of thepump by the discharge valve, which is always done in connection with anexcess pressure governor, the capacity of the pump may be controlled bya steam supply valve consisting of the valve body of the excess pressuregovernor. This admits steam to one compartment of the steam chest andthe steam to the other compartment is regulated by closing or openingthe valve.

In Fig. 6 I have shown other modifications coming within the scope ofthis inven tion. The arrangement is similar to that shown in Fig. 4, aswill be seen by comparison of the numbered parts, but the chamber 103dischargesthrough one or more parts 95. Each is closed by a springpressed valve 90 conical on top. The springs are held by spiders 97.These valves open when the pres sure in the chamber 83 is enough higherthan that over the water to overcome the resistance of the adjustablesprings.

These constitute less expensive and lighter arrangements for securingsome of the above mentioned results.

It will be seen therefore that, by this invention, as so far described,the water is preheated in the pump receptacle by the exhaust from theturbine driving the pump and by the exhaust from an outside source tothe maximum temperature of the outside exhaust steam supply. Also, thepump is driven by a turbine fed in the main by exhaust steam butsupplemented by live steam all the time the ejector is working and thereisflenough water in the pump, and in such proportion and at such time aswill give the unit the most efficient heat. balance. The water is fedinto the receiving chamber and spread out so as to receive the maximumamount of heat from the exhaust steam from the turbines as the waterenters the pump receptacle. Furthermore, additional heating is providedfor by spraying the water into the lower part of the pump receptacle andsubjecting it to the action of-exhaust steam from an outside source atthat time. The control of the admission of exhaust steam to the turbineis in the form of athermostat operated in accordance with thetemperature of the water as heated by the turbine exhaust. In otherwords,;it is a self contained pump which performs the entire heatingoperation within itself and can be constructed in ,a compact form and oflight weight.

"Certain elements and combinations are shown but not claimed hereinbecause 7 they are claimed in one of my previous copending applicationsSerial No. 51,677, filed Aug. "21,

1925, and Serial No. 69,276, filed Nov.'16, 19-25. I V p I Although Ihave illustrated and described only a few forms of the invention I amaware of the fact that'other modificationscan be made therein by anyperson skilled in the art without departing from the scope of theinvention as expressed in the claims. Therefore I do not wish to belimited to the details herein disclosed, but what I do claim is 1. Inafeed water heating system, the com bination with. a pump receptaclehavlng a receivingchamber into which-the water is 1ntroduced, a mixingchamber in position for receiving the water from'the receiving chamber,means for introducing steam into the mixing chambenanda water chamberfor'receiving the water from the "llllXlIlfZ chamber, of means in thepump receptacle for pumping the. water from the water chamber, :andmeans operated by said pumping means for forcing the water out of thereceiving chamher into the mixing chamber. p

2. A feed water'heating system, comprising a pump receptacle havingawater inlet, a receiving chamber to receive the water, a mixing chambertoheat'the water, located to receive the water 'from the receivingchamber, means for introducing exhaust steam into the mixing chamber, awater chamber in position to collect the heated water rfrom the mixingchamber, a sh aft in the receptacle, and

means operated by the shaft for forcing the water out of the receivingchamber into the mixing chamber. 7 i v 3. In a feed water heatingsystem, the combination Witha receptacle having a water inlet, areceiving chamber to receive the water, a mixing chamber to heat thewater, means for introducingsteam into-the mixing chamher, and a waterchamber connected collect the heated water from themixing chamber, of ashaft in the receptacle, means operated by the shaft for forcing thewater out of the receiving chamber into the mixing chamber, and meansalso operated the shaft for forcing the water out of the water chamber.

4. In a feed water-heating system, the com bination with a pumpreceptacle having a water receiving chamber, a mixing chamber below thereceiving chamber,-and a water chamber beyond the receivingchamber, of apump for forcing the waterout of said water chamber, means operating inconnection with the pump for forcing the water from thereceiving chamberinto the mixing chamber, and means for commingling the water with steamduring its passage from the receiving chamber. H I p 5. In afeedWaterheatingsystem, the combination with a receptacle having a receivingchamber to receive the water, a mixing chamher to heat the water, and awater chamber in position to receive the heated water from the mixingchamber, of a shaft in the receptacle, means operated by the shaft forforcing the water out of the receivingchamber into the mixing chamber,means operated by steam for driving the shaft, a steam supply therefor,and means for condensing exhaust steam by thewater while the latter onits "the mixing chamber, steam operated means for driving the pump, asteam supply therefor, and means for preheating the water by the exhauststeam from said steam operated means before the water is forced into themixing chamber.

7. In a feed Water heating system, the combination witha pump receptaclehaving a water receiving chamber, a mixing chamber beyond the receivinchamber, and a water chamber beyond the receiving chamber and connectedtherewith, of a pumping means in the water chamber for forcing the waterout of said water chamber, means operating in connection with saidpumping means for forcing the water from the receiving chamber into themixing chamber, means for commingling the water with steam during itspassage to the receiving chambenand means for introducing exhaust steamfrom an outside source into the mixing chamber. 7

lEEiI 8. In a feed water heating system, the combination with areceptacle having a water inlet, a receiving chamber to receive thewater, a mixing chamber to heat the Water, and a water chamber inposition to re eive the heated water from the mixing chamber, of a shaftin the receptacle, means operated by the shaft for forcing the waterdirectly out of the receiving chamber into the mixing chamber, and meansfor introducing steam into the mixing chamber to heat the Water.

9. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a receptaclehaving a Water inlet, a receiving chamber to receive the water, a mixingchamber to heat the Water located to receive the Water from thereceiving chamber, and a Water chamber in posi tion to receive theheated water from the mixing chamber, of a shaft in the receptacle,means operated by the shaft to force the Water out of the receivingchamber into the mixing chamber, means for driving the shaft by steam, asteam supply therefor, means for preheating the Water by the exhauststeam before the water is forced into the mixing chamber, and means forintroducing an outside steam supply into the mixing chamber to furtherheat the Water.

10. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a receptaclehaving a receiving chamber for the water, a mixing chamber, and a waterchamber to collect the water, the three chambers being located invertical alignment to receive the Water from each other in succession,of a pump in the receptacle, a pump shaft, means operated by the shaftto force the Water out of the re ceiving chamber into the mixingchamber, steam operated means for driving the pump, a steam supplytherefor, means for preheat ing the water by the exhauststeam before thewater is forced into the mixing chamber, means for introducing anoutside steam supply into the mixing chamber to further heat the Water,and means for limiting the temperature of the water in the receivingchamber.

11. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a receptacle,having a receiving chamber to receive the water, a mixing chamber toheat the water, and a water chamber in position to collect the heatedwater from the mixing chamber, of a shaft in the receptacle, meansoperated by the shaft for forcing the water out of the receiving chamberinto the mixing chamber, a turbine for driving the shaft, a steam supplyfor the turbine, means for preheating the water by the exhaust steam ofthe turbine before the water is forced into the mixing chamber, andmeans also operated by the shaft to force the water out of the waterchamber.

12. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a receptaclehaving a water inlet, a receiving chamber to receive the water, a mixingchamber to heat the water, and a water chamber to collect the heatedwater the three chambers being located in vertical ali nment to receivethe Water one from another, a shaft in the receptacle, means operated bythe shaft for forcing the water out of the receiving chamber into themixing chamber, means for introducing steam into the mixing chamber toheat the water, and means also operated by the shaft for forcing theWater out of the water chamber. I

13. In a feed Water heating system, 'he combination with a receptaclehaving a water inlet, a receiving chamber to receive the water, a mixingchamber to heat the water, and a water chamber to collect the heatedwater the three chambers being located in vertical alignment to receivethe Water one from another from the mixing chamber, of a shaft in thereceptacle, steam operated means for driving the shaft, a steam supplytherefor, means for preheating the water by the exhaust steam from saidmeans before the water enters the mixing chamber, means for introducingan outside steam supply into the mixing chamber for further heating thewater, and means operated by the shaft for forcing the water out of thewater chamber. 14. In a feed Water heating system, the combination witha receptacle having a receiving chamber to receive the water, a mixingchamber to heat. the Water, and a water chamber to collect the heatedwater, the three chambers being located in vertical alignment to receivethe Water from each other in succession, of a pump in the receptacle,means for forcing the water out of the receiving chamber into the mixingchamber, a turbine for driving the pump, a steam supply for the turbine,means for preheating the water by the exhaust steam of the turbinebefore the water is forced into the mixing chamber, means forintroducing an outside steam supply into the mixing chamber to furtherheat the Water, and means for automatically shutting off the steamsupply to the turbine whenever the water in the water chamber fallsbelow a predetermined height.

15. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a pumpreceptacle, a rotary pump shaft therein and means on the shaf t foroperating it, of means for introducing Water into the receptacle abovethe water level, means for introducing steam, a deflecting plate inposition for spreading the steam and water and mixing them, a partitionbelow the deflecting plate having a passage through it, and means belowsaid passage for ausing the water to be heated before it falls down intothe water below.

16. In a feed water heater, the combination with a pump receptacle,means for feeding water into the receptacle near the top, means fordischarging the water therefrom, said latter means comprising a steamturbine, and

means within the receptacle for retaining a 7 current of the incomingwateradj acentito the exhaust of the turbine for preheating the waterwithin the pump receptacle by exhaust from the turbine. i

17. In a feed water heater, the combination with apump receptacle, meansfor feeding water into the receptacle, means for discharging the watertherefrom, said latter means comprising a steam turbine, and meanswithin the receptacle for causing the 'in coming water to flow past theexhaust of the turbine for preheating the water within the pumpreceptacle, partly by exhaust fromthe turbine, to the approximatetemperature of an outside exhaust steam supply.

18. In a pump 'for a feed water heating system, the combinationfwith thepump receptacle, of a pump shaft, a steam turbine in the receptacle onthe shaft, and means for introducing water into the receptacle directlyinthe path of the exhaust steam from the turbine so that it will beheated within said receptacle by the steam dischargedfrom the turbine.

19. In a: pump fora feed water heating system, the combination with thepump receptacle, of a perforated partition across it having an openingfor admittingsteambelow it from above, a pump shaft, a steam turbine inthe receptacle above the partition, and means for introducing water intot i I receptacle above the partition so that it will drip through theperforationsandbe heated within .said receptacle by the steam dischargdfrom the turbine.

20. In a feed waterheatin-g system, the combination with a pumpreceptacle and means for introducing water into it, and-means forintroducing steam to heat the water in the receptacle, of a pumpshaftiin the receptacle, a steam turbine on the shaft for operating it,a steam" supply. pipe, .an ejector connected with the receptacle andwith the steam supply for reducing the pressure on the exhaust side ofsaid turbine, a valve, for controlling the supply of steam to saidturbine, means for introducing steam into the turbine independent ofsaid valve, and means connected whereby the turbine will receive anaddi-' tional supply of steam under the control of said valve to operateunder increased load.

21. In a feed water heater-,the combination with the pump receptacleandia steam operated impeller for forcing the water out of the casing,of a perforated partition across the receptacle above the water level,means for introducing the water into the receptacle above the partition,means for leading the steam down through said partition so that thesteam will be condensed by contact with the w aterjdraining through theperforations and heatthe water, and means for spraying the heatedwaterinto the lower part of the receptacle.

low the partition, means on the impeller shaft for forcing the heatedwater downwardly, and adjustable means for confining the water outletintothe receptacle to force it to form a conical stream in contact withexhaust steam to further heat the water.

23. In a feed water heating system, the

combination with a pump receptacle, apump shaft therein, a pump on saidshaft, said receptacle having a water space in the bot tom, and meansfor introducing water into the receptacle near the top, ofra passage inthe receptacle surrounding the shaft for conducting thewater down intothe bottom of the receptacle, a plate .yieldingly held up near thebottomof said passage to provide thin outlet through which the water is forcedout in the form of a thin sheet, said receptacle having achamber abovesaid sheet bounded by it at the bottom, andmeans for introducing steaminto said chamber to heat the water as it issues fron' the passage. 1

24. In a-feed water heating system, the combination with a pumpreceptacle, a pump shaft therein and ,mea nson the shaft for operatingit, of a perforated partition across the receptacle, means forintroducing water into the receptacle above the partition so that itwill drip down through it, means for introducing steam below thepartition, whereby the water will be heated, a partition abQlOW theperforated partition having a passage through it, means below saidpassage for causing the water to be forced outwardly to form a thinsheet of water, leaving a space above said sheet of water, and means forintroducing steam into said space, whereby the waterin said sheet isheated'before it falls down into the water space below.

25. In a feedwater heating system, the com bination with a pumpreceptacle, a pump shaft therein, and a turbine on the shaft foroperating it, of a perforated partition across the receptacle having anopening through it for receiving the exhaust steam from the turbine andconducting it to a point below the partition, means for'introducingwater into the receptacle above the partition so that it will drip downthrough the steam below and the water will be heated, a partition belowthe perforated partition havinga central passage through it, an impelleron the shaft in said central passage for forcing the water down throughthe passage under pressure, means below said passage for causing thewaterto be forced outwardly to form a thin sheet of water, leaving aspace above said sheet of water, and means for introducing exhaust steaminto said space, whereby the water in said sheet is heated before itfalls down into the water space below.

26. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a pumpreceptacle, a pump shaft therein, means for rotating the shaft, andmeans for introducing water into the receptacle, of a passage in thereceptacle surrounding the shaft for conducting the water down into thebottom of the receptacle, an impeller on the shaft in said passage forforcing the water downwardly through said passage, a plate on the shaftyieldingly held up near the bottom of said passage to provide a thinslanting circular outlet surrounding said plate through which the wateris forced out under the pressure from said impeller in the form of athin conical sheet, and means for introducing steam into said receptacleto heat the water as it issues from the passage.

27. In a feed water heating system, the combination of a receptacle forthe water having a space or chamber in its upper part, means forintroducing water, means for heating the water in the receptacle, aturbine in the receptacle, a shaft in the receptacle and its chambers towhich said turbine is fixed, means for introducing xhaust steam intosaid turbine to operate it, a steam separator located in the path of theexhaust steam to said turbine, means for draining the separator intosaid receptacle, and an automatic valve for controlling the admission ofexnaust steam into the turbine, with a thermostatic means forcontrolling the admission of exhaust steam into the turbine, and meansfor causing the water to circulate around said thermostatic means.

28. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a receptaclefor the water, means for heating the water in the receptacle, saidreceptacle having an air chamber above the water and a partition acrossit to provide a chamber at the top, means for introducing water abovethe partition, and a shaft extending through the receptacle andchambers, of a turbine fixed to said shaft in the chamber above thepartition, means for directing exhaust steam into said turbine foroperating it, means for supplying live steam to the turbine foroperating it, a float device in the receptacle, two valves connectedwith the float device, one for controlling the admission of exhauststeam to the turbine and the other for control assisting the admissionof live steam to the turbine so arranged that they will close when thewater in the receptacle gets below a certain level.

29. In a feed water heating system, the combination, with a receptaclefor the water, means for heating the water in the receptacle, saidreceptacle having an air chamber above the water and a partition acrossit to provide a chamber at the top, means for introducing water abovethe partition, and a shaft ex tending through the receptacle andchambers, of a turbine fixed to said shaft in the cham ber above thepartition, means for directing exhaust steam into said turbine foroperat ing it, means for supplying live steam to the turbine foroperating it, means connected with the live steam supply for ejectingthe air from the air chamber in the receptacle, a valve for controllingsaid means, a valve for controlling the admission of a small supply oflive steam constantly to the turbine whenever the ejector is inoperation.

30. The combination with a pump for a feed water heating systemcomprising a receptacle for the water and means for heating the water inthe receptacle, a shaft in the receptacle, a turbine on the shaft in thereceptacle for operating the shaft, and means on the shaft fordischarging the water when the shaft rotates, of an exhaust and livesteam supply arrangement for the turbine, an ejector connected with thelive steam supply, a valve for controlling the admission of steam to theejector, said turbine exhausting into the air space in the receptacle, aconnection from the air space in the receptacle to the ejector, wherebywhen the ejector is supplied with steam it will exhaust air from saidspace and reduce the pressure on the exhaust side of the turbine; avalve for supplying live steam to the turbine, means whereby said valveis normally closed, and means whereby when the load on the turbine istoo great for the exhaust steam supply, the valve will open to admitlive steam to the ejector and to the turbine and whereby when the workof the live steam is no longer required its main supply will be shut offautomatically and thereafter, if the power is still too great, theejector will be shut off automatically.

31. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a pumpreceptacle and means for introducing water into it and steam to heat thewater in the receptacle, of a pump shaft in the receptacle, a turbine inthe receptacle on the shaft for operating it, a main steam supply forthe turbine, a valve for shutting off the main supply of steam to theturbine, an ejector connected with the top of the receptacle and withthe steam supply for reducing the pressure on the exhaust side of saidturbine, a valve for cutting off the supply of steam to said ejector, agovernor for operating said valve, and means connected to re ceive itssupply of steam under the control of said valve for introducing steaminto the turbine to operate it even when the main steam supply is cutoff from said turbine and as long as the ejector is in operation.

32. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a pumpreceptacle and means for introducing water into it, and means forintroducing steam to heat the water in the receptacle, of a pump shaftin the receptacle, a turbine on the shaft for operating it, a main steamsupply for the turbine, an ejector connected with the receptacle andwith the steam supply for reducing the pressure on the exhaust side ofsaid turbine, a valve for cutting oif the supply of steam to saidejector, a pipe, means for introducing steam through said pipe into theturbine to operate it constantly even when the main steam supply is cutoff from said turbine, and means for simultaneously cutting off thesteam from the pipe and from the ejector.

33. In a feed water heating system, the combination of a pump receptaclefor the water and means for heating the water in the receptacle, aturbine in said pump receptacle for operating it, means for conductinglive steam to the turbine, means for conducting exhaust to the turbine,automatic valves for closing said steam con-ducting means, a thermostatin the pump receptacle, and means for connecting the thermostat with thevalve for controlling the exhaust steam supply whereby the exhaust steamconductor will be closed when the water gets too hot in the pumpreceptacle.

34. In a feed water heater, the combination with a pump receptacle forthe water and means for heating the water in the receptacle, a turbinetherein for operating the pump, and means for feeding steam to theturbine comprising a main supply pipe, of two steam chambers adapted toreceive steam from said pipe, means whereby the pipe is constantly opento one of said steam chambers, a valve for controlling the admission ofsteam to the other steam chamber, and means connected with each steamchamber for introducing steam into the turbine, whereby the turbine willbe operated at full steam pressure and will be supplied with anincreased quantity of steam for operating it when the valve is opened.

35. The combination with a pump receptacle, of a turbine therein foroperating the pump, and means for introducing steam into the turbine, ofan ejector, means for connecting the ejector with the pump receptaclefor creating a vacuum therein, a steam supply pipe, a valve for closingit, a valve fixed with respect to said valve for controlling the supplyof steam to the ejector, means connected with said valves for closingthe first valve when the water gets low in the receptacle, the valvesbeing arranged to open the supply to the ejector when the Water beginsto drop, and means for heating the water.

36. The combination with a pump receptacle, of a shaft therein havingmeans for forcing the water from the receptacle, a turbine on said shaftfor rotating it, a perforated partition extending' across thereceptacle, means for introducing water into the receptacle beyondsaid'partition, said partition having a passage through which exhauststeam from the turbine passes to heat the water, a partition beyond theperforated partition having a'passage for discharging the water heatedby the exhaust steam, a plate on the shaft, and a casing surrounding theshaft and slightly separatedfrom the plate at the edge for dischargingthe water outwardly in a conical stream on the water in the receptaclebelow.

37. The combination with a pump receptacle, of a shaft extending throughit and having means for discharging the water from the receptacle, aturbine on said shaft for rotating it, a perforated partition extendingacross the receptacle, means for introducing water into the receptacleabove said partition, said partition having a central passage throughwhich the exhaust steam from the turbine passes down around the shaftinto contact with the water passing through the perforations in thepartition, a solid partition below the perforated partition having acentral passage around the shaft for discharging the water heated by theexhaust steam, an impeller on the shaft in said passage for forcing thewater down, a plate on the shaft, a casing surrounding the shaft andseparated from the plate at the edge for the discharge of wateroutwardly in a conical stream on the water in the receptacle below andyielding means for holding the plate up in position to keep the passagefor the escape of water small. i

38. In a feed water heating system, the combination with a pumpreceptacle, of a plurality of water forcing devices in the receptacleconnected with the same source of power, one of said devices beingadapted to force the water out of the receptacle and the other to directthe water from above into the bottom of the receptacle, means forheating the water, a rotary shaft on which both of said devices aremounted and a turbine on the shaft for rotating it. 39. In a feed waterheating system, the combination with a pump receptacle, of a pluralityof vater forcing devices in said receptacle connected with the samesource of power so that the amount of water delivered by each issubstantially equal, one of said devices being adapted to force thewater out of the receptacle and the other to direct the water into thebottom of the receptacle, means in the receptacle for connecting the twodevices positively together, a turbine in the receptacle for operatingsaid connecting means, means for heating the incoming water, and meansfor directing it in a thin sheet on the surface of the water below.

40. A feed Water heating system, comprising a pump receptacle having awater inlet, a receiving chamber to receive the water, a

mixing chamber to heat the water, located in position to receive thewater from the receiving chamber, means for introducing exhaust steaminto the mixing chamber, a water chamber to collect the heated waterfrom the mixing chamber, a shaft in the receptacle, a turbine on theshaft, a steam supply for the turbine, means operated by the shaft forforcing the water out of the receiving chamher into the mixing chamberand means for automatically shutting off the steam supply to the turbinewhenever the water in the water chamber falls below a predeterminedheight.

41. In a feed water heating system, the

combination with a receptacle having a receiving chamber to receive thewater, a mixing chamber to heat the water, an exhaust steam supply and awater chamber in posi- 2 tion to receive the heated water from themixing chamber, of a shaft in the receptacle,

a turbine on the shaft, a steam supply for the turbine, means operatedby the shaft for forcing the water out of the water chamber and meansfor automatically shutting off the steam supply to the turbine wheneverthe water in the water chamber falls below a predetermined height.

42. In a feed water heater, the combination with a pump receptaclehaving a water chamber, means for feeding water into the receptacle,means for discharging the water therefrom, said latter means comprisingasteam turbine in the receptacle above the waaa ter chamber, and animpeller submerged in the water and operatively connected with theturbine, a steam supply for the turbine, means within the receptacle forheating the water and means for automatically shutting off the steamsupply to the turbine whenever the water in the water chamber fallsbelow a predetermined height.

48. In a feed water system, the combina tion with a receptacle for thewater and 4f means for heating the water in the receptacle, saidreceptacle having an air chamber above the water, a shaft in thereceptacle, a turbine fixed to said shaft in the receptacle, means forconstantly supplying a small quantity of steam to the turbine foroperating it as long as the water in the receptacle is not below apredetermined height and means for introducing a greater quantity ofsteam into the turbine when needed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature.

FRANS H. O. COPPUS.

